植物RNA干涉载体的构建及其在水稻基因表达沉默中的应用

为了方便利用RNA干涉（RNA interference，RNAi）研究植物基因的功能，本研究构建了2个用于RNAi的植物转化载体pRNAi-35S和pRNAi-Ubi。这两个载体以pCAMBIA双元载体为骨架，含有2个多克隆位点区进行目的基因片段的正向和反向克隆，并分别由CAMV35S启动子和玉米泛素基因启动子控制发夹结构RNA的产生。为了验证该载体的有效性，用PCR扩增了1个水稻转录因子（Arabidopsis AP2／EREBP同源基因）基因片段组装入pRNAi—Ubi，转化水稻获得转化体。在所检测的7株转化株中，5株的内源目标基因的mRNA被降低至RNAblot检测不到的水平。这些结果说明本研究构建的RNAi载体对基因表达沉默是有效的。     

生物防腐剂及其在食品防腐中的应用

随着对食品安全和健康问题的普遍关注,消费者对天然产物的兴趣越来越高。由于化学防腐剂存在的问题和缺陷,天然生物防腐剂引起了食品工业界的极大重视。采用天然防腐剂,可以赋予食品更高的营养价值,减少或完全停用化学防腐剂,并且确保食品的微生物安全性。天然生物防腐剂是指来源于植物、动物、微生物的具有预防食品腐败作用的抗菌物质。天然防腐剂的作用方式是抑制微生物的生长及发生在食品中的氧化反应和酶促反应。本文综述天然生物防腐剂的种类、抑菌机理及其在食品防腐中的应用研究现状,阐述在栅栏技术中的应用效果,展望天然生物防腐剂今后的应用前景及其在开发应用中需要研究解决的主要问题。     

沙棘叶总黄酮的浸提研究

优选水浴振荡提取方法。以乙醇为萃取剂,研究了新疆伊犁地区沙棘叶中总黄酮提取的工艺条件。采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定了最佳工艺参数:提取温度为60℃,固液比为1∶20,乙醇体积分数为80%,浸提时间为3h,溶液pH值为10。     

具有保健功能农产品定价策略分析——以蜂蜜为例

为掌握蜂蜜市场的价格特征,探讨具有保健功能农产品的定价策略,蜂产业体系课题组2012—2014年对北京、杭州、青岛、郑州、成都市蜂蜜市场开展了调查。基于调查数据文章分析了蜂蜜市场的价格特征及其原因,对不同销售地点同质蜂产品价格进行对比;并结合蜂产业体系经济岗课题组在全国11个省开展的蜂产品生产固定观察点数据分析蜂蜜生产成本构成,探讨蜂蜜价格持续上涨的原因;最后以蜂蜜为例,对保健功能农产品的定价策略进行分析。结果表明:各类蜜种蜂蜜产品价格都略有上升,但巢蜜、中蜂蜂蜜、椴树蜜等产量少、蜜源稀缺的品种上升幅度大;各城市在售同种蜂蜜、国产与进口蜂蜜价差拉大。要解决高质量原料收购价格低,市场上产品质量良莠不齐的问题,关键在于形成从原料蜜收购到终端市场的优质优价机制,产品信息透明,提高顾客对蜂蜜保健功能的认知度。     

亚麻籽油的开发利用

亚麻是山西省高寒山区的主要油用作物之一。亚麻籽含油率达到42%,油中不饱和脂肪酸占到主要脂肪酸组成的91%,其中,ω-3脂肪酸含量高达49%,比其他油用作物含量高7倍～50倍。ω-3脂肪酸营养油具有预防冠心病、心脑血管病,降低胆固醇,抗血栓,降血压,提高动脉系统柔性的功能,极具开发价值。ω-3脂肪酸营养油是在常规油脂加工工艺基础上,通过对部分工艺的改进,使产品中α-亚麻酸的含量较传统工艺提高了38.9%。     

人群阶段营养与食品加工

归纳了人体在不同生长阶段的营养原则及相应的阶段食品加工时的营养要求.     

Characterization of segregation distortion on chromosome 3 induced in wide hybridization between indica and japonica type rice varieties

We previously surveyed chromosomal regions showing segregation distortion of RFLP markers in the F₂ population from the cross between a japonica type variety ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica type variety ‘Milyang23’, and showed that the most skewed segregation appeared on the short arm of chromosome 3. By comparison with the marker loci where distortion factors were previously identified, this region was assumed to be a gametophytic selection-2 (ga2) gene region. To evaluate this region, two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. One NIL had the ‘Nipponbare’ segment of this region on the genetic background of ‘Milyang23’ (NIL9-23), and the other NIL had the ‘Milyang23’ segment on the genetic background of ‘Nipponbare’ (NIL33-18). NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’, NIL33-18 and ‘Nipponbare’, and ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ were respectively crossed to produce F₁ and F₂ populations. The F₁ plants of NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and NIL33-18 × ‘Nipponbare’ showed high seed fertility and the same pollen fertility as their parental cultivars, indicating that ga2 does not reduce seed and pollen fertility. Segregation ratio of a molecular marker on the ga2 region in the three F₂ populations was investigated to clarify whether segregation distortion occurred on the different genetic backgrounds. Segregation distortion of the ga2 region appeared in the both F₂ populations from the NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was ‘Milyang23’ homozygote) and the ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was heterozygote), but did notin the F₂ population from the NIL33-18 and ‘Nipponbare’ cross (background was ‘Nipponbare’ homozygote). This result indicates that ga2 interacts with a ‘Milyang23’ allele(s) on the different chromosomal region(s) to cause skewed segregation of the ga2 region. In addition, segregation ratio was the same between the F₂ populations from NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and ‘Nipponbare’ × ‘Milyang23’ crosses, suggesting that the both genotypes, ‘Milyang23’ homozygote and heterozygote, of gene(s) located on the different chromosomal region(s) have the same effect on the segregation distortion. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Integrate-Reset-Controlled Single Phase Power Factor Correction with High Efficiency

A novel single phase boost type power factor correction circuit is introduced .The converter's efficiency is greatly improved by improving on the traditional boost type power factor correction circuit. Integrate Reset Control circuit is adopted to realize unity power factor. The Integrate Reset Control high efficiency single phase boost type power factor corrector has these characteristics as follows: It's constant frequency operation, which is of advantage of the design of filter. The control circuit is very simple and no need for multiplier. The result is quiet perfect, the input current follows the input voltage very well. The efficiency is very high. The result of simulation and experiment proves the correction of theory analysis.     

Selection of diverse parents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by multivariate analysis and the degree of heterosis of their F1 hybrids

Summary Studies on genetic diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) indicated the existence of considerable amount of variation for grain yield and its components in the material. One hundred and thirty two genotypes fell into eight clusters. The covariation structure studied by means of factor analysis indicated the possibility of obtaining, through hybridization, genotypes physiologically and morphologically more efficient. Multivariate analysis of data from 7 parents and 21 F1 hybrids indicated weak correspondence between D²-analysis and canonical variate analysis. As there was no relationship between heterosis over midparent and genetic distance between the parents, so the traditional approach of making a large number of crosses is being suggested.     

龙牙楤木的根段繁殖试验研究

针对龙牙楤木繁殖困难的现况,研究了有效的龙牙楤木无性繁殖方法。试验发现,不同根段长度、不同扦插方式及不同药剂处理对根插出苗、成活有很大影响。结果表明:选择直径为1.0~2.0cm粗的根段,长度为15cm以上,使用108生根粉或杜根素药剂处理后,进行斜向扦插,成活率能达到70%以上,并成为独立的植株。